英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人:元宇宙(下)

Given that virtual worlds already exist, the next steps will be scaling them up to support more users (online games carefully limit their numbers), making them more realistic and accessible, and devising new hardware to allow greater immersion.Progress is being made on all those fronts.But by far the biggest challenge will be to make connections between what are currently separate worlds.For example, it is not yet possible to take an item of virtual clothing from “Fortnite” into “Minecraft”.Mr Ball is optimistic that “economic gravity” will drive companies to co-operate in devising and adopting open standards, because the market that this will then unlock will be much bigger than any of them could create alone.He adduces the so-called protocol wars of the 1970s-90s, when rival computing network standards vied for supremacy.Ultimately an open standard prevailed, the Internet Protocol, because a common format created a bigger market.

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鉴于虚拟世界已经存在，接下来要做的将是：扩大它们的规模以容纳更多用户(网络游戏要谨慎地限制其数量)、使它们更逼真且更易访问，以及设计新硬件让用户更有沉浸感。所有这些方面都在取得进展。但到目前为止，最大的挑战将是在目前独立的世界之间建立联系。例如，将一件虚拟服装从《堡垒之夜》带入《我的世界》还是不可能的。鲍尔乐观地认为，“经济引力”将推动企业在制定和采用开放标准方面合作，因为这样一来将打开的市场会比任何一家企业单独创造的市场大得多。他引证了20世纪70年代至90年代的所谓协议战，当时相互竞争的计算网络标准争夺霸主地位。最终，一个开放标准--互联网协议--占据了上风，因为通用格式创造了一个更大的市场。

Similarly it makes economic sense, Mr Ball argues, for virtual worlds to share data and interoperate.Today people buy fewer objects inside games and other virtual worlds than they might if ownership rights were firmer and items more portable.Tackle those problems, and more people might be willing to fork out.Economics, Mr Ball says, “will drive standardisation and interoperation over time”.He draws an illuminating analogy with the history of smartphones.Another way to think of the metaverse, he points out, is as the successor to the rise of the mobile internet.Mobile devices extended, but also changed, the way people experience the internet, with the advent of things like navigation apps and ride-hailing.The metaverse could represent a comparable kind of shift, transforming what the internet can do and how it is used.But isn’t the smartphone industry dominated by the duopoly of Apple and Google?

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鲍尔认为，同样，虚拟世界共享数据和互操作在经济上也是有意义的。如今，与所有权更稳固、物品更便携的情况相比，人们在游戏和其他虚拟世界中购买的物品较少。解决这些问题后，可能会有更多的人愿意掏钱。鲍尔称，经济学“将随着时间的推移推动标准化和互操作”。他用智能手机的发展史做了一个很有启发性的比喻。他指出，另一种看待元宇宙的方式是，将其视为移动互联网崛起的继承者。随着导航应用和打车等应用的出现，移动设备增加了同时还改变了人们体验互联网的方式。元宇宙可以代表一种类似的转变，它能够改变互联网的功能和使用方式。但智能手机行业不是被苹果和谷歌这两家寡头集团主导吗？

This is one case where “economic gravity” has not led to interoperability.Mr Ball thinks regulatory action is needed to loosen the duo’s grip on payment systems and app stores, which “limit the growth potential not only of virtual-world platforms, but also the internet at large”.The author wisely avoids spending too much time trying to imagine all the future uses of the metaverse, or analysing which of today’s tech giants are best-placed to exploit it.Nor does he dig very deeply into the inevitable regulatory and governance challenges.It is far too early in the game.Think of those predictions from 1993: they were broadly correct, but Netflix, Amazon, Gmail and Wikipedia did not exist.The rise of smartphones, too, toppled previous industry leaders.The metaverse could cause a similar changing of the guard.Even the word metaverse may not stick, Mr Ball admits.Something like it will have arrived by the end of the decade, but “we may ultimately use a different term for this future”.Like the information superhighway, this latest buzzword seems to point in the right direction, but may get lost along the way.For anyone who wants to understand the process and what is at stake, Mr Ball’s lucid and timely book offers a portal into a new realm.

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这是“经济引力”没有带来互操作性的一个例子。鲍尔认为需要采取监管行动，来放松这两家公司对支付系统和应用商店的控制，这种控制“不仅限制了虚拟世界平台的增长潜力，还限制了整个互联网的增长潜力”。作者明智地避免了花太多时间试图想象元宇宙的所有未来用途，也没有分析当今哪些科技巨头最适合利用元宇宙。他也没有深入挖掘不可避免的监管和治理挑战。现在还为时过早。想想1993年的那些预测：它们大体上是正确的，但网飞、亚马逊、谷歌邮箱和维基百科当时并不存在。智能手机的崛起也推翻了之前的行业领先者。元宇宙可能会导致类似的警卫更迭。鲍尔承认，甚至是元宇宙这个词也可能无法留存下去。类似的东西会在近10年后到来，但“我们最终可能会用一个不同的术语来描述这个未来”。就像信息高速公路一样，这个最新的流行语似乎指向了正确的方向，但可能会在途中迷失方向。对于任何想要了解这一过程及其利害关系的人来说，鲍尔的这本清晰又合时宜的书就是进入新领域的大门。

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