2021考研英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day167
作者：聚创考研网-王老师 点击量：1342 2020-09-02
英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。
暑期直播课、直播录播相结合、答疑
内含电子版、纸质版讲义
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经济学人:自由兑换——特快专递(1)
经济学人:自由兑换——特快专递(1)
经济学人:自由兑换——特快专递(1)
经济学人:自由兑换——特快专递(1)
经济学人:自由兑换——特快专递(1)
经济学人:自由兑换——特快专递(1)
Governments around the world are seeing their finances savaged by the pandemic.And poor ones, who are also suffering from capital flight, are crying out for cash. The IMF, the world's crisis lender, is already parcelling out loans.It may yet resort to a weirder weapon: the special drawing right (SDR), an arcane financial instrument designed in the 1960s.At present, some 204bn SDRS sit on the balance-sheets of finance ministries and central banks around the world.
译文
界各地的政府都看到他们的财政因全球性流行病而遭受重创。那些同样正在遭遇资金外流的贫困国家急需现金。危机贷方IMF已经在分发贷款。它或许还会求助于一种更加奇怪的武器：特别提款权（SDR），一种设计于20世纪60年代的神秘金融工具。目前，全球各国财政部和央行的资产负债表上约有2040亿SDRS。
Each can, in theory, be swapped for currency worth $1.36. Governments in poor countries desperately need cash to retain investors' confidence,pay off creditors and buy medical supplies. Some economists think an infusion of SDRS is part of the answer. Could this help tackle the corona-crisis?When SDRS were introduced in 1969 they were intended to reduce the world's dependence on dollars.At the time many of the world's countries pegged their currencies to the greenback,which was itself tied to gold, under the so-called "Bretton Woods" system of fixed exchange rates.But the two components were in tension with one another. When too few dollars circulated in the world economy,perhaps as a result of America spending less on imports, countries would hoard greenbacks to defend their pegs, and global commerce ground to a halt.
译文
理论上，每一个都可以兑换成为价值1.36美元的货币。贫穷国家的政府迫切需要现金来维持投资者的信心，还清债务以及购买医疗用品。一些经济学家认为SDRS的注入是部分答案。这能帮助阻止冠状病毒危机吗？1969年，SDRS被引入时，其目的是为了降低世界对美元的依赖。当时，世界很多国家的货币都和美元挂钩，而在所谓的“布雷顿森林”固定汇率体系下，美元本身又与黄金挂钩。但这两个部分相互矛盾。当世界经济中流通的美元太少时（可能是由于美国减少了进口支出），各国会囤积美元以保护其挂钩汇率，全球贸易将陷入停滞。
But creating enough dollars to satisfy the global demand for reserves imperilled the credibility of the dollar's peg to gold.Providing an alternative reserve asset, it was thought, might provide an escape from this dilemma.The idea was reminiscent of "bancor", a global currency proposed by John Maynard Keynes in 1941.Like bancor, SDRS aim to share the so-called "seigniorage" benefits that accrue to America as a result of providing the world's currency.To reinforce their balance-sheets with dollars, countries must, in aggregate, sell goods and services to America and hold on to the proceeds.But when SDRS are issued, everyone gets reserves without having to provide anything in return.
译文
但创造出能够满足全球储备需求的美元又会危及美元挂钩黄金的可信度。人们认为提供另一种储备资产或许能够摆脱这种困境。这一想法让人们回忆起了1941年约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯提议的一种全球货币——“bancor”。和bancor一样，SDRS旨在分享美国所享有的所谓的“铸币税”的好处，这是美国提供世界货币的结果。为了用美元来巩固他们的资产负债表，这些国家必须向美国出售商品和服务，并把收益留在手中。但当发行SDRS时，每个国家都可以获得储备，而无需提供任何回报。
Reserves fall like manna from heaven, rather than emerging from trade flows.Yet SDRS failed to take off. The need for them became less pressing after America untethered the dollar from gold in 1971.And too few were issued. Keynes had proposed that the stock of bancors would grow in line with world trade.But political wrangling means that there have been only three allocations of SDRS, the most recent of which was in 2009.They make up less than 3% of non-gold reserves; by contrast, the dollar makes up over half.As a source of liquidity, though, SDRS have their advantages. They are not a true currency,as they can be exchanged only between IMF members and not in private markets.
译文
储备金像天上掉下来的甘露，而不是从贸易流通中冒出来的。但SDRS没能发展起来。1971年美国将美元与黄金脱钩后，对它们的需求就不那么迫切了。发行的SDRS很少。凯恩斯曾提议，bancors的存量将随着世界贸易的增长而增长。但政治角逐意味着只有三次SDRS的分配，最近一次是在2009年。它们在非黄金储备中所占的比例不到3%；相比之下，美元占了一半以上。不过，作为一种流动资产来源，SDRS有其自身的优势。它们并非真正的货币，因为它们只能在IMF成员国之间兑换，而不能在私人市场上兑换。
Maurice Obstfeld of the University of California, Berkeley-and a former chief economist at the fund-sees them as a way to share risk.Countries are given SDRS in proportion to their IMF "quotas", which determine their financial commitment to the fund and their voting rights.When they face a liquidity crunch, they can offer cash-rich countries SDRS in exchange for hard currency.They must pay interest, currently at a rate of 0.05%, on the amount of their SDRS they choose to convert,making exchanging an SDR a bit like drawing on an emergency overdraft-one that does not need to be repaid.
译文
加州大学伯克利分校的Maurice Obstfeld——兼IMF前首席经济学家——将它们看成是一种分担风险的方法。各国根据他们的IMF“配额”分配SDRS，配额决定了他们对IMF的财政承担和投票权。当他们面临资金紧缩时，他们可以向现金充裕的国家提供SDRS，以换取硬通货。他们必须为交换的SDRS支付利息，目前的利率为0.05%，这使得兑换SDR有点像是紧急透支——一种不需要偿还的透支。
注释
1.savage 粗暴对待；袭击
She was savaged to death by a bear.
她遭熊袭击而丧命。
2.be swapped for 交换
The tweet is a substitution cipher, in which eachletter is swapped for another.
这则推特消息是一个替代密码。每一个字母都被另一个替代。
3.peg 价格等与...挂钩
Its currency is pegged to the dollar...
其货币与美元挂钩。
推荐阅读：
Governments around the world are seeing their finances savaged by the pandemic.And poor ones, who are also suffering from capital flight, are crying out for cash. The IMF, the world's crisis lender, is already parcelling out loans.It may yet resort to a weirder weapon: the special drawing right (SDR), an arcane financial instrument designed in the 1960s.At present, some 204bn SDRS sit on the balance-sheets of finance ministries and central banks around the world.
译文
界各地的政府都看到他们的财政因全球性流行病而遭受重创。那些同样正在遭遇资金外流的贫困国家急需现金。危机贷方IMF已经在分发贷款。它或许还会求助于一种更加奇怪的武器：特别提款权（SDR），一种设计于20世纪60年代的神秘金融工具。目前，全球各国财政部和央行的资产负债表上约有2040亿SDRS。
Each can, in theory, be swapped for currency worth $1.36. Governments in poor countries desperately need cash to retain investors' confidence,pay off creditors and buy medical supplies. Some economists think an infusion of SDRS is part of the answer. Could this help tackle the corona-crisis?When SDRS were introduced in 1969 they were intended to reduce the world's dependence on dollars.At the time many of the world's countries pegged their currencies to the greenback,which was itself tied to gold, under the so-called "Bretton Woods" system of fixed exchange rates.But the two components were in tension with one another. When too few dollars circulated in the world economy,perhaps as a result of America spending less on imports, countries would hoard greenbacks to defend their pegs, and global commerce ground to a halt.
译文
理论上，每一个都可以兑换成为价值1.36美元的货币。贫穷国家的政府迫切需要现金来维持投资者的信心，还清债务以及购买医疗用品。一些经济学家认为SDRS的注入是部分答案。这能帮助阻止冠状病毒危机吗？1969年，SDRS被引入时，其目的是为了降低世界对美元的依赖。当时，世界很多国家的货币都和美元挂钩，而在所谓的“布雷顿森林”固定汇率体系下，美元本身又与黄金挂钩。但这两个部分相互矛盾。当世界经济中流通的美元太少时（可能是由于美国减少了进口支出），各国会囤积美元以保护其挂钩汇率，全球贸易将陷入停滞。
But creating enough dollars to satisfy the global demand for reserves imperilled the credibility of the dollar's peg to gold.Providing an alternative reserve asset, it was thought, might provide an escape from this dilemma.The idea was reminiscent of "bancor", a global currency proposed by John Maynard Keynes in 1941.Like bancor, SDRS aim to share the so-called "seigniorage" benefits that accrue to America as a result of providing the world's currency.To reinforce their balance-sheets with dollars, countries must, in aggregate, sell goods and services to America and hold on to the proceeds.But when SDRS are issued, everyone gets reserves without having to provide anything in return.
译文
但创造出能够满足全球储备需求的美元又会危及美元挂钩黄金的可信度。人们认为提供另一种储备资产或许能够摆脱这种困境。这一想法让人们回忆起了1941年约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯提议的一种全球货币——“bancor”。和bancor一样，SDRS旨在分享美国所享有的所谓的“铸币税”的好处，这是美国提供世界货币的结果。为了用美元来巩固他们的资产负债表，这些国家必须向美国出售商品和服务，并把收益留在手中。但当发行SDRS时，每个国家都可以获得储备，而无需提供任何回报。
Reserves fall like manna from heaven, rather than emerging from trade flows.Yet SDRS failed to take off. The need for them became less pressing after America untethered the dollar from gold in 1971.And too few were issued. Keynes had proposed that the stock of bancors would grow in line with world trade.But political wrangling means that there have been only three allocations of SDRS, the most recent of which was in 2009.They make up less than 3% of non-gold reserves; by contrast, the dollar makes up over half.As a source of liquidity, though, SDRS have their advantages. They are not a true currency,as they can be exchanged only between IMF members and not in private markets.
译文
储备金像天上掉下来的甘露，而不是从贸易流通中冒出来的。但SDRS没能发展起来。1971年美国将美元与黄金脱钩后，对它们的需求就不那么迫切了。发行的SDRS很少。凯恩斯曾提议，bancors的存量将随着世界贸易的增长而增长。但政治角逐意味着只有三次SDRS的分配，最近一次是在2009年。它们在非黄金储备中所占的比例不到3%；相比之下，美元占了一半以上。不过，作为一种流动资产来源，SDRS有其自身的优势。它们并非真正的货币，因为它们只能在IMF成员国之间兑换，而不能在私人市场上兑换。
Maurice Obstfeld of the University of California, Berkeley-and a former chief economist at the fund-sees them as a way to share risk.Countries are given SDRS in proportion to their IMF "quotas", which determine their financial commitment to the fund and their voting rights.When they face a liquidity crunch, they can offer cash-rich countries SDRS in exchange for hard currency.They must pay interest, currently at a rate of 0.05%, on the amount of their SDRS they choose to convert,making exchanging an SDR a bit like drawing on an emergency overdraft-one that does not need to be repaid.
译文
加州大学伯克利分校的Maurice Obstfeld——兼IMF前首席经济学家——将它们看成是一种分担风险的方法。各国根据他们的IMF“配额”分配SDRS，配额决定了他们对IMF的财政承担和投票权。当他们面临资金紧缩时，他们可以向现金充裕的国家提供SDRS，以换取硬通货。他们必须为交换的SDRS支付利息，目前的利率为0.05%，这使得兑换SDR有点像是紧急透支——一种不需要偿还的透支。
注释
1.savage 粗暴对待；袭击
She was savaged to death by a bear.
她遭熊袭击而丧命。
2.be swapped for 交换
The tweet is a substitution cipher, in which eachletter is swapped for another.
这则推特消息是一个替代密码。每一个字母都被另一个替代。
3.peg 价格等与...挂钩
Its currency is pegged to the dollar...
其货币与美元挂钩。
推荐阅读：
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