英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研官网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人：毛毛虫变身冰棍挺过严冬(下)

In case you’re not familiar with glycerol, it’s a natural alcohol compound.It works similarly to when we salt city sidewalks to keep them from becoming icy.The compounds in the woolly caterpillar’s body lower its freezing point, buying it some time. And then they do something even more remarkable.They move water out of their cells so that it freezes in the extracellular space.That’s because ... Water of course gets bigger when it turns to ice.And so if a cell was filled with water, and it froze, then it could bust the cell membrane, and that would really harm the caterpillar.So getting the water out of the cell is a good idea, and lowering the temperature at which the liquid freezes is also a good idea.So these little guys can freeze solid all winter and then thaw out and get up and walk away come spring.They can actually freeze and thaw multiple times over the course of a winter.

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以防你不熟悉甘油，说明一下，甘油是一种天然的酒精化合物。甘油的工作原理类似于我们在城市人行道上撒盐以防结冰。毛毛虫体内的这种化合物可以降低体内冻结点，争取一些时间，让它可以做一些更了不起的事情。它们将水脱离出细胞，使其在细胞外空隙结冰。那是因为……水结成冰时体积自然会变大。如果一个细胞里满是水且结冰了，那么细胞膜就会遭到破坏，这会危及毛毛虫的生命。将水排出细胞是一个好主意，降低液体结冰温度也是一个好主意。这样，这些小家伙整个冬天都会冻得扎扎实实，到了春天，解冻、苏醒、四处爬动。实际上，在冬季，它们会经历多次结冻与解冻。

But there’s an energetic cost that comes to falling asleep and waking back up again.Studies of the Isabella tiger moth have shown that they can in fact undergo several freeze thaw cycles, but it’s really not great for them.It’s better if they can freeze, stay frozen and then thaw at the end of the winter.And not only that ...I think there’s also some damage that happens to some of the structures in the caterpillar.Some of the more delicate parts, I think, can be damaged a little bit.And the more times they have to freeze, thaw and refreeze, the more likelihood that they'll be a little worse for wear at the end of the winter.And this gets worse because of things like climate change.If we have winter heat waves or warm periods when caterpillars that had been in the deep freeze, thaw out and then freeze again, there was some concern that they wouldn’t be able to go back and forth between these conditions.That’ll also lead to larger ecological implications.
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但是入睡与苏醒是个耗精力的活儿。对伊莎贝拉虎蛾(毛熊毛虫)的研究表明，它们实际上可以经历几轮结冻与解冻，但这对它们来说并不好。如果它们在冬季开始时结冻，保持这个状态，待到冬季结束时再解冻，那就更好了。不仅如此……我认为毛毛虫的部分结构也会受到一些损伤。我认为，一些比较脆弱的部分可能会有损伤。毛毛虫结冻、解冻、再结冻的次数越多，冬天结束时就越有可能遭受严重的损耗。由于气候变化等原因，情况愈发糟糕。如果遇到冬季热浪或冬季温暖期，毛毛虫必须深度结冻、解冻、然后再次结冻，人们担心它们无法在这样的环境下自由变化。这也会导致更大规模的生态影响。

Caterpillar populations and therefore butterfly or moth populations could take a hit if the overwintering survival is interfered with by these interludes of warmer weather that prevent them from getting through their wintering period in the same way that they had before.And that might have more profound impacts than we think.We already know that some important pollinators, like bees and butterflies, are struggling to survive due to all kinds of human activities.Caterpillars are important just because they’re such cool animals, but they also are a phase of the life cycle of lepidopteran, so moths and butterflies.They are pollinators; they’re herbivores; they're food for birds and other organisms.And they’re just part of what makes the world fun to look at and live in.For Scientific American’s Science, Quickly, I’m Kate Furby.

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如果越冬生存受到这些穿插的温暖天气的干扰，进而阻止它们像以往一样越过冬季，那么，毛毛虫、蝴蝶、蛾子的数量可能会受到打击。这可能会产生比我们想象的更深远的影响。我们已然知晓，由于各种各样的人类活动，一些如蜜蜂与蝴蝶等重要的传粉昆虫正在艰难生存。毛毛虫至关重要，因为它们很厉害，它们是鳞翅目昆虫生命周期的一个阶段，蛾与蝴蝶也是如此。它们是传粉昆虫; 是食草动物; 鸟类和其他生物以它们为食。它们让这个世界丰富多彩、趣味横生。感谢收听《科学美国人》科学快报，我是凯特·弗比。

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