英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创考研网小编每天学一点英语，一起为考研筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人：让免疫系统睡个好觉（下）

For their study, Karine Spiegel at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research and Eve Van Cauter at the University of Chicago speculated that insufficient sleep might damage the ability of the immune system to react to vaccines and thus result in fewer circulating antibodies.They pooled the results of seven studies in which a total of 603 participants between the ages of 18 and 60 had had their antibody response to vaccines monitored and who had also been asked how many hours of sleep they were getting each night.Dr Spiegel found that men showed a strong relationship between insufficient sleep(defined as fewer than six hours of kip a day) and antibody response.

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在她们的研究中，法国国家健康与医学研究所的凯琳史匹格和芝加哥大学的考特推测，睡眠不足可能会损害免疫系统对疫苗的反应能力，从而导致循环抗体的减少。她们汇集了7项研究的结果，在这些研究中，共有603名年龄在18岁至60岁之间的参与者对疫苗的抗体反应进行了监测，并记录了他们每晚的睡眠时间。史匹格博士发现，男性在睡眠不足(定义为每天睡眠少于6小时)和抗体反应之间表现出很强的关系。

The magnitude of the effect, when sleep duration was recorded objectively by a lab rather than self-reported by a patient, was similar to the amount of antibody waning seen in an average person two months after being given the Pfizer-BioNTech covid-19 jab.The vaccines given to sleep-deprived men, therefore, still provided protection but the effect was less potent from the start and lasted for less time, on average.The results were published this week in Current Biology.Dr Spiegel says that encouraging patients to get plenty of sleep before and after a vaccination appointment is an ideal way for a medical system to maximise its vaccine stock and ensure that the benefits granted are as large as possible.

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当睡眠时间由实验室客观记录，而不是由患者自我报告时，影响的程度与普通人在接受辉瑞-生物科技新冠疫苗注射两个月后看到的抗体减弱量相似。因此，给睡眠不足的男性接种疫苗仍能提供保护，但从一开始效果就不那么有效，平均持续时间也更短。研究结果发表在本周的《当代生物学》杂志上。史匹格博士说，鼓励患者在接种疫苗预约前后获得充足的睡眠是医疗系统最大化其疫苗储备，并确保所提供的保护尽可能大的理想方式。

As for why the results in women were not significant, Dr Spiegel and her colleagues theorise that sleep affects female response to vaccines too but that hormone interference,driven by varying stages of the menstrual cycle, contraception and hormone-replacement therapies,is probably altering immune response in profound and unknown ways that throw off the results.It is a subject area that urgently needs more attention, argue the researchers.Vaccines are an important tool in the world’s armoury against disease and there is no getting around the fact that developing and administering them is a difficult and expensive process.But patients could at least be encouraged to give their immune system a rest before getting jabbed.It costs nothing, and could pay considerable dividends.

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至于为什么在女性身上的结果不显著，斯皮格尔博士和她的同事们认为，

睡眠也会影响女性对疫苗的反应，但由月经周期的不同阶段、避孕和激素替代疗法所导致的激素干扰，可能会以强烈未知的方式改变免疫反应，从而影响结果。研究人员认为，这是一个迫切需要更多关注的学科领域。疫苗是世界上对抗疾病的重要工具，开发和使用疫苗是一个困难和昂贵的过程，这是无法回避的事实。但至少可以鼓励患者在接受注射前让免疫系统休息一下。它不需要任何成本，还能带来可观的红利。

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